According to the cia world factbook, the gini index of india, which is a measure of income distribution inequality, was 35. The index is the ratio of a the area between a country s lorenz curve and the 45 degree helping line to b the entire triangular area under the 45 degree line. Gini coefficients of income are calculated on market income as well as disposable income basis. The lorenz curve and gini coefficient are applied here to measure and graph disproportionality in outcomes for multiseat elections held in 2017. A gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality. As with other inequality coefficients, the gini coefficient is influenced by the granularity of the measurements. Poverty trends in south africa statistics south africa. Wealth distribution is also uneven, with one report estimating that 54 percent of the country s wealth is controlled by millionaires. Inequality has been persistent, having increased from 0.
Data for bulgaria income years 20062017 and romania income years. We provide a description of the gini coefficient and some. Mar 20, 2020 gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Apr 25, 2017 the gini coefficient measures income the inequality of a population of a country or region. The gini coefficient is based on the comparison of cumulative proportions of the population against cumulative proportions of income they receive, and it ranges between 0 in the case of perfect equality and 1 in the case of perfect inequality. Gini index, a quantified representation of a nations lorenz curve.
Underestimate level of inequality in developing countries and maybe also trend. In an economic context, it is important to understand what this coefficient or index is, how is it measured and what is indias current status, for the ias exam gini coefficient upsc notes. High inequality is perpetuated by a legacy of exclusion and the nature of economic growth, which is not propoor and does. We read every letter, fax, or email we receive, and we will convey your comments to cia officials outside opa as appropriate. We also present the coefficient of human inequality as a direct measure of inequality which is an unweighted average of inequalities in three dimensions. Top and bottom ranked countries from the world happiness report 2017 the world happiness report ranks 155 countries from 1 to 10 in terms of happiness, and is based on a survey of 1,000 people. The values of gini coefficient values are between zero and one with the lowest coefficient zero representing equality in which all earn equal income while a coefficient of one indicates an inequality whereby only one person earns all the income among a group of workers. Angola gini coefficient world development indicators world bank indexes. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality. The top 5 countries also includes namibia, sri lanka, china, and zambia. Consider now the second row of the figure which would help us define concept 2 inequality. During the decade, according to the hong kong census reports, hong kongs gini coefficient based on original monthly household income rose from 0. Official pdf, 42 pages world bank documents world bank group. I havent found gini coefficient of us counties at census website.
All bahamians and legal residents can receive public health care through the national. Notes on how to compute gini coefficient suppose you are given data like this. Income inequality among individuals is measured here by five indicators. South africa is the top country by gini index in the world. The gini coefficient is derived from the lorenz curve, which sorts the population from poorest to richest, and shows the cumulative proportion. For example, five 20% quantiles low granularity will yield a lower gini coefficient than twenty 5% quantiles high granularity taken from the same distribution. No claims are made regarding theaccuracy of distribution of family income gini index information contained here. Gini index world bank estimate world bank, development research group. It looks at the distribution of a nations income or wealth, where 0 represents complete. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and world bank country departments. By ana maria santacreu, economist, and heting zhu, research associate. While a perfect scenario would be that of equality in income distribution, this is not normally the case in most of the areas around the world. This paper stems from work done by the authors at the mathematics for social justice workshop held in june of 2007 at middlebury college.
Over the past three decades, income inequality has been rising in most major economies, reaching. Over the last couple of decades, inequalities of income have risen or remained stubbornly high in various oecd countries as did wealth and. In 1912, italian sociologist and statistician corrado gini developed a means of measuring wealth distribution within societies known as the gini index or gini coefficient. This statistic shows the 20 countries with the biggest inequality in income distribution in 2017 based on the gini index. Incomes are more equally distributed and fewer people are poor where social spending is high. Income inequality has widened in a majority of oecd countries over the last.
In france the first preferences of voters for political parties show. Rich countries tend to have lower income inequality than developing countries. South africa is now recognised by oxfam international as the most unequal country on earth and significantly more unequal than at the end of apartheid. Graph and download economic data for gini index for angola sipovginiago from 2000 to 2018 about angola, gini, and indexes. Table 36 high net worth individuals by country and region, 2017. During the decade, according to the hong kong census reports, hong kongs gini coefficient based on.
The gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality where everyone has the same income and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality where one person has all the incomeand everyone else has no income. Gini coefficient measures the inequality of wealth distribution or income inequality in a particular area. Gini ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 means perfect equality everyone has the same incomewealth and 1 means absolute inequality one person gets the whole incomewealth and the others get nothing. Gini coefficient is a measure of the income inequality in a country or between countries. The information regarding distribution of family income gini index on this page is republished from the cia world factbook 2017. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. The bottom fifth of dc households had just two percent of total dc income in 2016, while the top fifth had a staggering 56 percent. The district has a higher level of income inequality than any state in the country, with households in the top 20 percent of income having 29 times more income than the bottom 20 percent. A map showing gini coefficients by country for 2017. The gini coefficient is based on the comparison of cumulative proportions of the population against cumulative proportions of income they receive, and it ranges between 0 in the case of perfect equality and 1. Gini coefficient of disposable income inequality in 2014 or latest year, 2010 and 2007, total population.
Statistics south africa, 2017 dr pali lehohla, statisticiangeneral report no. The discussion compares proportional representation pr in holland pr gini 3. The gini coefficient is a single number aimed at measuring the degree of inequality in a distribution. In contrast, nordic countries in europesuch as finland and swedenhave a similar income per capita as that in the u. The cps is demanddriven and centered on knowledge and technical cooperation as well as support to the implementation of the ongoing lending program in energy and the environment. To construct measures of earnings inequality, such as the gini coefficient, we also need information about the relative. Graph and download economic data for gini index for bhutan sipovginibtn from 2003 to 2017 about bhutan, gini, and indexes.
Measure of the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. Is there any other website that provide comprehensive data of gini coefficient of all counties of the united states. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and world bank country. Country context bangladeshs economic and development progress has been remarkable. Table 34 percentage membership of global wealth deciles and top percentiles by country of residence, 2017 122 table 35 main gains and losses in global wealth distribution, 20162017 123. Proportion of households that had access to the listed services. To benchmark and monitor income inequality and poverty across countries, the. Gini index world bank estimate colombia world bank, development research group. The gini index or gini coefficient is a statistical measure of distribution developed by the italian statistician corrado gini in 1912. A lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual. The office of public affairs opa is the single point of contact for all inquiries about the central intelligence agency cia.
The income gini coefficient measures the deviation of the distribution of income or consumption among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. This statistic presents data on the degree of inequality in wealth distribution based on the gini coefficient in nicaragua between 2000 and 2017. This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including gini coefficients. It crossed the world banks threshold for lower middleincome country status in fy14.
Of the 22 member countries of organization for economic cooperation and. Gini index inequality of income distribution country. At an initial income of usd below which countries are classified according to the world bank as low income countries the predicted effect of a 1 percentage point increase in the gini coefficient on the longrun level of gdp per capita is around 4 percent. This statistic presents data on the degree of inequality in wealth distribution based on the gini coefficient in bolivia between 2000 and 2017. The more nearly equal a country s income distribution, the closer its lorenz curve to the 45 degree line and the lower its gini index, e. Data and research on social and welfare issues including families and children, gender equality, gini coefficient, wellbeing, poverty reduction, human capital and inequality. Over the last couple of decades, inequalities of income have risen or remained stubbornly high in various oecd countries as did wealth and wellbeing inequalities, although these general.
The gini index is the most widely used measure of inequality see map above. Gini coefficient of disposable income rise between the earlytomid 1980s and 20 or the most. Gini coefficient wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Gini coefficient definition, calculation and indias. South africa remains a dual economy with one of the highest inequality rates in the world, with a consumption expenditure gini coefficient of 0. Income inequality in india refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and income among its citizens. Two conditions for the application of lorenz curve and. The gini coefficient a globally accepted measure of income inequality for south africa, as listed by the world bank as well as the central intelligence agency, is the highest in the world. New data are available for costa rica income year 2019, australia and israel income year 2018, austria, belgium, the czech republic, estonia, france, germany, greece, hungary, italy, latvia, lithuania, luxembourg, poland, portugal, slovenia and spain income year 2017 and ireland provisional data for income year 2017. A country partnership strategy cps for 20142017, was discussed by the world bank group wbg board in november 20 and has been extended for a further year.
Distribution of family income gini index 2017 country. A measure of evenness of distribution gini 0 means perfectly equal distribution gini 1 means perfectly unequal distribution wealth v. To benchmark and monitor income inequality and poverty across countries, the oecd relies on a dedicated statistical database. Gini coefficient for household per capita expenditure from the website of badan pusat statistik statistics indonesia, consumption and expenditure distribution of expenditure per capita and gini index, 20102015 earlier figures for 2002 to 2009 had been downloaded previously, but appear to be no longer available on the website. The gini coefficient, a common measure of income inequality that scores 0 when everybody has identical incomes and 1 when all the income goes to only one person, stands at an average of 0. It is most often used in economics to measure how far a country s wealth or income distribution deviates from a totally equal distribution.
Gini can also be expressed in percentages gini coefficient. The lowest 10% of earners make 2% of all wages the next 40% of earners make 18% of all wages the next 40% of earners make 30% of all wages the highest 10% of earners make 50% of all wages. Between 2000 and 2015, for every country where the gini index. In addition to the changes listed here, 50 new countryyears have been. Table 33 membership of top wealth groups for selected countries, 2017 118. Going for growth 2017, tax and inclusive growth, updates of the divided. The figure below shows a negative relationship between the level of income per capita which is a measure of technological progress and the gini coefficient of income which is a measure of inequality within a country. For the 22 oecd economies for which longterm time series are available, the gini. Going for growth 2017, tax and inclusive growth, updates of the divided we stand analysis and various other oecd pieces. Global earnings inequality, 19702015 iza institute of labor. A popular measure of inequality is the gini coefficient, which ranges from 0 perfect equality to 1 perfect inequality, but is typically in the range of 0. Where can i find the gini coefficient of all us counties.
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