During the decade, according to the hong kong census reports, hong kongs gini coefficient based on. For the 22 oecd economies for which longterm time series are available, the gini. A country partnership strategy cps for 20142017, was discussed by the world bank group wbg board in november 20 and has been extended for a further year. Is there any other website that provide comprehensive data of gini coefficient of all counties of the united states. Over the last couple of decades, inequalities of income have risen or remained stubbornly high in various oecd countries as did wealth and wellbeing inequalities, although these general. This statistic shows the 20 countries with the biggest inequality in income distribution in 2017 based on the gini index. Income perfect competition income distribution explanations. The gini index or gini coefficient is a statistical measure of distribution developed by the italian statistician corrado gini in 1912.
The discussion compares proportional representation pr in holland pr gini 3. We also present the coefficient of human inequality as a direct measure of inequality which is an unweighted average of inequalities in three dimensions. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and world bank country. Gini coefficients of income are calculated on market income as well as disposable income basis. Going for growth 2017, tax and inclusive growth, updates of the divided we stand analysis and various other oecd pieces. This statistic presents data on the degree of inequality in wealth distribution based on the gini coefficient in nicaragua between 2000 and 2017. A popular measure of inequality is the gini coefficient, which ranges from 0 perfect equality to 1 perfect inequality, but is typically in the range of 0. According to the cia world factbook, the gini index of india, which is a measure of income distribution inequality, was 35. Gini coefficient of disposable income inequality in 2014 or latest year, 2010 and 2007, total population. High inequality is perpetuated by a legacy of exclusion and the nature of economic growth, which is not propoor and does. Gini index inequality of income distribution country.
Income inequality has widened in a majority of oecd countries over the last. By ana maria santacreu, economist, and heting zhu, research associate. It crossed the world banks threshold for lower middleincome country status in fy14. We read every letter, fax, or email we receive, and we will convey your comments to cia officials outside opa as appropriate. The gini coefficient is derived from the lorenz curve, which sorts the population from poorest to richest, and shows the cumulative proportion. Graph and download economic data for gini index for angola sipovginiago from 2000 to 2018 about angola, gini, and indexes. Inequality in oecd countries celine thevenot, 2017.
The lorenz curve and gini coefficient are applied here to measure and graph disproportionality in outcomes for multiseat elections held in 2017. To benchmark and monitor income inequality and poverty across countries, the. The district has a higher level of income inequality than any state in the country, with households in the top 20 percent of income having 29 times more income than the bottom 20 percent. South africa is the top country by gini index in the world. Incomes are more equally distributed and fewer people are poor where social spending is high. During the decade, according to the hong kong census reports, hong kongs gini coefficient based on original monthly household income rose from 0. Table 33 membership of top wealth groups for selected countries, 2017 118. Gini coefficient for household per capita expenditure from the website of badan pusat statistik statistics indonesia, consumption and expenditure distribution of expenditure per capita and gini index, 20102015 earlier figures for 2002 to 2009 had been downloaded previously, but appear to be no longer available on the website. The gini index is the most widely used measure of inequality see map above. Income inequality among individuals is measured here by five indicators.
Gini coefficient measures the inequality of wealth distribution or income inequality in a particular area. Of the 22 member countries of organization for economic cooperation and. Income inequality in india refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and income among its citizens. Mar 20, 2020 gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. The gini coefficient is based on the comparison of cumulative proportions of the population against cumulative proportions of income they receive, and it ranges between 0 in the case of perfect equality and 1 in the case of perfect inequality. Wealth distribution is also uneven, with one report estimating that 54 percent of the country s wealth is controlled by millionaires. The gini coefficient, a common measure of income inequality that scores 0 when everybody has identical incomes and 1 when all the income goes to only one person, stands at an average of 0.
For example, five 20% quantiles low granularity will yield a lower gini coefficient than twenty 5% quantiles high granularity taken from the same distribution. Consider now the second row of the figure which would help us define concept 2 inequality. This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including gini coefficients. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Table 36 high net worth individuals by country and region, 2017. While a perfect scenario would be that of equality in income distribution, this is not normally the case in most of the areas around the world. This was much higher than the average gini coefficient of 0. Underestimate level of inequality in developing countries and maybe also trend. A gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality. In 1912, italian sociologist and statistician corrado gini developed a means of measuring wealth distribution within societies known as the gini index or gini coefficient. In contrast, nordic countries in europesuch as finland and swedenhave a similar income per capita as that in the u. As with other inequality coefficients, the gini coefficient is influenced by the granularity of the measurements.
Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and world bank country departments. Where can i find the gini coefficient of all us counties. At an initial income of usd below which countries are classified according to the world bank as low income countries the predicted effect of a 1 percentage point increase in the gini coefficient on the longrun level of gdp per capita is around 4 percent. The gini coefficient is based on the comparison of cumulative proportions of the population against cumulative proportions of income they receive, and it ranges between 0 in the case of perfect equality and 1. Distribution of family income gini index 2017 country. South africa is now recognised by oxfam international as the most unequal country on earth and significantly more unequal than at the end of apartheid. Wealth distribution and income inequality by country 2018. All bahamians and legal residents can receive public health care through the national. Graph and download economic data for gini index for bhutan sipovginibtn from 2003 to 2017 about bhutan, gini, and indexes. Gini coefficient is a measure of the income inequality in a country or between countries. The gini coefficient is a single number aimed at measuring the degree of inequality in a distribution.
The top 5 countries also includes namibia, sri lanka, china, and zambia. The bottom fifth of dc households had just two percent of total dc income in 2016, while the top fifth had a staggering 56 percent. A map showing gini coefficients by country for 2017. Apr 25, 2017 the gini coefficient measures income the inequality of a population of a country or region. The information regarding distribution of family income gini index on this page is republished from the cia world factbook 2017. A lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual. The figure below shows a negative relationship between the level of income per capita which is a measure of technological progress and the gini coefficient of income which is a measure of inequality within a country. I havent found gini coefficient of us counties at census website. The income gini coefficient measures the deviation of the distribution of income or consumption among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. Angola gini coefficient world development indicators world bank indexes. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality. Notes on how to compute gini coefficient suppose you are given data like this.
Top and bottom ranked countries from the world happiness report 2017 the world happiness report ranks 155 countries from 1 to 10 in terms of happiness, and is based on a survey of 1,000 people. Gini coefficient based on income per capita and expenditure per capita 2006, 2009, 2011. It is most often used in economics to measure how far a country s wealth or income distribution deviates from a totally equal distribution. Proportion of households that had access to the listed services. Two conditions for the application of lorenz curve and. Inequality has been persistent, having increased from 0. South africa remains a dual economy with one of the highest inequality rates in the world, with a consumption expenditure gini coefficient of 0. Going for growth 2017, tax and inclusive growth, updates of the divided.
Rich countries tend to have lower income inequality than developing countries. Global earnings inequality, 19702015 iza institute of labor. Gini coefficient wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. To construct measures of earnings inequality, such as the gini coefficient, we also need information about the relative. The office of public affairs opa is the single point of contact for all inquiries about the central intelligence agency cia. Gini coefficient of disposable income rise between the earlytomid 1980s and 20 or the most.
Gini ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 means perfect equality everyone has the same incomewealth and 1 means absolute inequality one person gets the whole incomewealth and the others get nothing. Measure of the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. The lowest 10% of earners make 2% of all wages the next 40% of earners make 18% of all wages the next 40% of earners make 30% of all wages the highest 10% of earners make 50% of all wages. Gini index world bank estimate world bank, development research group. The cps is demanddriven and centered on knowledge and technical cooperation as well as support to the implementation of the ongoing lending program in energy and the environment. Data and research on social and welfare issues including families and children, gender equality, gini coefficient, wellbeing, poverty reduction, human capital and inequality. The gini coefficient on market incomesometimes referred to as a pretax gini coefficientis calculated on income before taxes and transfers, and it measures inequality in income without considering the effect of taxes and social spending already in place in a country. Poverty trends in south africa statistics south africa. Statistics south africa, 2017 dr pali lehohla, statisticiangeneral report no. Country context bangladeshs economic and development progress has been remarkable. Gini index world bank estimate colombia world bank, development research group.
Over the last couple of decades, inequalities of income have risen or remained stubbornly high in various oecd countries as did wealth and. This paper stems from work done by the authors at the mathematics for social justice workshop held in june of 2007 at middlebury college. To benchmark and monitor income inequality and poverty across countries, the oecd relies on a dedicated statistical database. Gini index, a quantified representation of a nations lorenz curve. Table 34 percentage membership of global wealth deciles and top percentiles by country of residence, 2017 122 table 35 main gains and losses in global wealth distribution, 20162017 123. This statistic presents data on the degree of inequality in wealth distribution based on the gini coefficient in bolivia between 2000 and 2017. The more nearly equal a country s income distribution, the closer its lorenz curve to the 45 degree line and the lower its gini index, e. In france the first preferences of voters for political parties show. No claims are made regarding theaccuracy of distribution of family income gini index information contained here.
In an economic context, it is important to understand what this coefficient or index is, how is it measured and what is indias current status, for the ias exam gini coefficient upsc notes. Between 2000 and 2015, for every country where the gini index. The gini coefficient a globally accepted measure of income inequality for south africa, as listed by the world bank as well as the central intelligence agency, is the highest in the world. It looks at the distribution of a nations income or wealth, where 0 represents complete. An examination of absolute poverty between 2006 and 2015 statistics south africa. A measure of evenness of distribution gini 0 means perfectly equal distribution gini 1 means perfectly unequal distribution wealth v. It looks more closely at trends in income inequality. In addition to the changes listed here, 50 new countryyears have been.
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